Comparative Study of Morphological Characteristics and Chemical Component Screening of Callyspongia sp. from Samalona Island and Gondong Bali Island, Spermonde Archipelago
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Differences in habitat conditions may be associated with variations in the morphology and chemical component profiles of marine sponges. This study aimed to compare the morphology and chemical component profiles of Callyspongia sp. from Samalona Island (inner zone) and Gondong Bali Island (outer zone) in the Spermonde Islands and to examine their relationships with habitat conditions. A descriptive-comparative approach was employed, involving measurements of physicochemical water parameters, macroscopic and microscopic morphological analyses, and identification of chemical components using GC-MS. Samalona Island exhibited a total dissolved solids concentration of 3820 ppm, water transparency of 70%, underwater visibility of 7 m, and salinity of 28.6‰, whereas the corresponding values for Gondong Bali Island were 2335 ppm, 100%, 9 m, and 30.4‰, respectively. Callyspongia sp. from Samalona Island exhibited a branched growth form, bright yellow coloration, numerous small oscula, a relatively smooth surface, a denser reticulate skeletal framework, and relatively slender spicules. In contrast, Callyspongia sp. from Gondong Bali Island exhibited an erect tubular growth form, yellowish-brown coloration, a large terminal osculum, a rough surface, a more open skeletal framework, and relatively larger spicules. Both specimens possessed monaxon megascleres of the oxea, style, and strongyle types. Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl- was detected at 76.43% and 34.97%, whereas N-ethyl-1,3-dithioisoindoline was detected at 8.39% and 6.98% in samples from Samalona Island and Gondong Bali Island, respectively. Descriptively, variations in habitat conditions coincided with differences in the morphology and chemical component profiles of Callyspongia sp.
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Copyright © 2026 Alfirayanti Alfirayanti, Ismail Marzuki
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