Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
type: channel
publisher: Candela Edutech Indonesia
language: en
publication name: Cognitia : International Engineering Journal
issn: 3109-2225
items: A Delphi-FMEA Framework for Proactive Risk Assessment in Smart Electrical Distribution Networks
items: Performance Evaluation of Crushers in Efforts to Optimise Production Capacity: A Case Study at PT Hoffmen International, Bangkele Site, North Morowali
items: Geochemical Analysis to Determine the Quality of Limestone in the Mario Riaja Area, Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province
items: Hybrid AHP TOPSIS Approach for Evaluating Green Supply Chain Management Barriers in the Poultry Processing Industry
items: Performance Analysis and Optimization of an Ammonia Stripper through Scrubber Integration Using Industrial Data and Aspen Hysys Simulation
items: Usability Evaluation of an Appropriate Technology-Based Corn Sheller Using Performance Metrics and Physiological Responses
items: Effect of Sulfuric Acid Concentration on the Leaching Behavior of Manganese Ore from Palludda Barru Regency
items: Alteration and Mineralisation of Sulphide Deposits in The Lipukasi Area, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province
items: Conceptual Model of MIS for Integration of Halal and Green Practices in Clothing SMEs Based on SSM
items: An Evaluation of Supply Chain Reliability Strategies in the Garment Industry Based on the SCOR 14.0 Racetrack Framework
items: Thermal Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Temperature Increase Phenomenon in the Starboard Main Engine Mitsubishi S6R2-T2MTK3L
items: Optimizing Banana Chips Production Planning in MSMEs Through the Goal Programming Approach
items: Effect of Drum Rotation Speed on Magnetic Separation Efficiency for Iron Grade Improvement of Galesong Beach Iron Sand Takalar Regency
items: Discrete Simulation Model Development for Enhancing the Efficiency of Seaweed Production Processes at PT. IHFIM
items: Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Copper Deposits in Samaenre Village, Tonra Sub-District, Bone District, South Sulawesi Province
items: Pyrolysis Effects of Coconut Shell and Wood Waste on Charcoal Characteristics as Biobriquette Raw Material
items: An Innovative Herbal Hair Tonic Derived from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Extract
items: Effect of Fermentation Duration on the Carbon-to-Nitrogen (C/N) Ratio of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Produced from Dami Jackfruit Waste Using Coconut Husk-Based Bioactivator
items: Utilization Of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottoni) And Avocado Seeds (Persea americana) For Making Capsules
items: Corrosion Resistance of Ternary Zr-Ti-Cu Alloy for Dental Implant Application in Ringer Lactate Solution Contamined with Ulcer Medicine

A Delphi-FMEA Framework for Proactive Risk Assessment in Smart Electrical Distribution Networks
type: item
description: Section: Industrial Engineering and Management Keywords: Delphi Method, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, Smart Electrical Distribution Network, Risk Assessment, Risk Priority Number The adoption of smart grid technologies has improved the efficiency and reliability of electrical distribution systems; however, it has also introduced new operational, environmental, and safety risks that require proactive management. This study aims to develop and implement a Delphi-FMEA framework for risk assessment in the smart electrical distribution network of PT PLN Tello Sector. Data were collected through three Delphi rounds involving eight experts with 16-22 years of professional experience in electrical distribution, maintenance, operations, reliability engineering, and SCADA systems. The Delphi method was used to achieve expert consensus on potential risks, while FMEA was applied to evaluate risk severity, occurrence, and detection, yielding Risk Priority Number (RPN) values for prioritization. The analysis identified 30 potential risks across four main components: network (23%), facilities (23%), inventory (27%), and planning (27%). The most critical risks were inadequate protection against extreme weather conditions (RPN = 270), falls from height due to insufficient safety measures (RPN = 200), and electrical shock during maintenance activities (RPN = 180). Pareto analysis showed that the five highest-priority risks accounted for approximately 44% of the total risk exposure. Root cause analysis revealed that human-related factors accounted for 30% of critical risk causes, followed by equipment (25%), methods (20%), environment (15%), and technology and communication factors (10%). The findings indicate that the Delphi-FMEA framework provides an effective and systematic approach for proactive risk identification and prioritization, supporting improved decision-making, system reliability, operational resilience, and sustainable risk management in smart electrical distributi…
subject: Industrial Engineering and Management
  topic: section
subject: Delphi Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart Electrical Distribution Network
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Priority Number
  topic: keywords
creator: Riska Iva Riana
creator: Yan Herdianzah
creator: Nurul Ilmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Iva Riana, Yan Herdianzah, Nurul Ilmi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-13
publication date: 2026-06-13
starting page: 23
ending page: 38
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v2i1.18

Performance Evaluation of Crushers in Efforts to Optimise Production Capacity: A Case Study at PT Hoffmen International, Bangkele Site, North Morowali
type: item
description: Section: Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: crusher, laterite nickel, rocky saprolite, capacity optimisation, productivity PT Hoffmen International’s Bangkele site in North Morowali has set a crusher production target of 2.5 tonnes per day for processing rocky saprolite-type laterite nickel ore; however, this target is frequently not met. This study aims to evaluate crusher performance, analyse the gap between production targets and actual output, identify limiting factors, and formulate optimisation measures. The research method employs a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection conducted directly in the field through observation and interviews over six working days. The parameters calculated include crusher productivity, Mechanical Availability (MA), Physical Availability (PA), Use of Availability (UA), Effective Utilisation (EU), and equipment effectiveness. The results of the study show that the average actual production reached only 1.42 tonnes per day (56.7% of the target) with an average gap of 1.08 tonnes per day. MA values ranged from 73.42-83.54%, PA from 74.39-85.86%, UA from 81.57-95.08%, EU from 70.73–86.95%, and productivity from 0.16–0.30 tonnes/hour. The main limiting factors are the high repair time, averaging 103.5 minutes per day, and the hard, rocky nature of the saprolite, which causes crusher components to wear out more quickly. Consequently, the production target of 2.5 tonnes per day has never been achieved. Optimisation efforts are required, including improving the effectiveness of equipment maintenance, ensuring a consistent feed rate, and handling the feed material before it enters the crusher.
subject: Metallurgical Engineering
  topic: section
subject: crusher
  topic: keywords
subject: laterite nickel
  topic: keywords
subject: rocky saprolite
  topic: keywords
subject: capacity optimisation
  topic: keywords
subject: productivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Suriyanto Bakri
creator: Alfian Nawir
creator: Muhammad Cakrawala Tuhulele
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suriyanto Bakri Bakri (Author); Alfian Nawir, Muhammad Cakrawala Tuhulele (Translator) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-08-05
publication date: 2026-08-05
starting page: 49
ending page: 56
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v2i1.20

Geochemical Analysis to Determine the Quality of Limestone in the Mario Riaja Area, Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province
type: item
description: Section: Geology and Mining Engineering Keywords: Limestone, Raw Materials, the Cement Industry, the Metallurgical Industry, the Fertiliser Industry. Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources, one of which is limestone. The village of Mario Riaja in Soppeng Regency is one of the areas with potential limestone resources; however, to date, there have been few studies analysing its quality against relevant utilisation standards. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of limestone using the X-Ray Fluorescence method, as well as to evaluate its suitability against quality standards for several industrial applications. The results of the chemical analysis show that sample ST 1 contains 53.32% calcium oxide (CaO), 1.04% silica (SiO₂), 0.36% aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), 0.70% magnesium oxide (MgO), and other oxides below 1 %. Sample ST 2 contains 53.60% CaO, 0.85% SiO₂, 0.40% Al₂O₃, 0.59% MgO, and other oxides below 1%. Meanwhile, ST 3 contains CaO 53.59%, SiO₂ 1.14%, Al₂O₃ 0.47%, MgO 0.52%, and other oxides in relatively low concentrations. Based on classification against the Cement Data Book standard as cement raw materials, all samples meet the criteria. Based on the Domestic Literature Standard by TT-PERHAPI XXVIII as a flux material for iron ore processing, all samples were also found to meet the criteria. However, based on SNI 02-2804-2005 as a raw material for dolomite fertiliser, none of the three samples met the minimum MgO content requirement (18%). This study shows that limestone from the Mario Riaja area is suitable for use as a raw material in the cement and metallurgical flux industries, but is not yet suitable for use as a raw material for dolomite fertiliser.
subject: Geology and Mining Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Limestone
  topic: keywords
subject: Raw Materials
  topic: keywords
subject: the Cement Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: the Metallurgical Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: the Fertiliser Industry.
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamad Hardin Wakila
creator: Andi Fahdli Heriansyah
creator: Abdul Salam Munir
creator: Muhammad Afrian Firmansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Hardin Wakila, Andi Fahdli Heriansyah, Abdul Salam Munir, Muhammad Afrian Firmansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
starting page: 39
ending page: 48
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v2i1.19

Hybrid AHP TOPSIS Approach for Evaluating Green Supply Chain Management Barriers in the Poultry Processing Industry
type: item
description: Section: Industrial Engineering and Management Keywords: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), Agro-Industry, Poultry Supply Chain, AHP-TOPSIS, Sustainability Strategy The implementation of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has become increasingly important in the agro-industrial sector, particularly in the poultry processing industry, due to rising environmental concerns and growing demand for sustainable production practices. However, its adoption remains limited because of various operational, technological, and managerial barriers. This study aims to identify and evaluate the major barriers to GSCM implementation and determine the most appropriate strategic solutions using a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach. The methods applied combine the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess the priority weights of barriers and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank alternative strategies. Data were collected through literature review, expert validation, and questionnaires distributed to 37 respondents involved in poultry supply chain activities, with all instruments proven valid and reliable. The findings reveal five primary barriers, namely limited environmentally friendly technology, low management commitment, limited investment capacity, inadequate human resource training, and unclear regulatory support and incentives. The TOPSIS analysis indicates that training and awareness enhancement is the most effective strategy, achieving the highest closeness coefficient value of 0.812. The study concludes that strengthening internal organizational capabilities, particularly through training and awareness, along with improving external support mechanisms, is essential to facilitate effective and sustainable GSCM implementation in the agro-industrial sector.
subject: Industrial Engineering and Management
  topic: section
subject: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Agro-Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Poultry Supply Chain
  topic: keywords
subject: AHP-TOPSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability Strategy
  topic: keywords
creator: Asrul Fole
creator: Khoerun Nisa Safitri
creator: Nurul 'Aini
creator: Erniyani
creator: Bili Syufrian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asrul Fole, Khoerun Nisa Safitri, Nurul 'Aini, Erniyani, Bili Syufrian (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 11
ending page: 22
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v2i1.17

Performance Analysis and Optimization of an Ammonia Stripper through Scrubber Integration Using Industrial Data and Aspen Hysys Simulation
type: item
description: Section: Chemical and Process Engineering Keywords: Ammonia Stripper, NH₃ , Stripping Efficiency , Aspen HYSYS, Scrubber The stripping gas from the ammonia stripper still shows fluctuating ammonia (NH₃) content and, under certain conditions, has the potential to exceed the targeted limit. This study discusses the evaluation of the ammonia stripper output gas and efforts to reduce NH₃ levels by adding a scrubber unit as a further treatment using Aspen HYSYS V.11 simulation. However, previous studies have primarily focused on ammonia removal within the stripper unit under steady-state conditions, with limited investigation into the integration of scrubber systems to handle fluctuating industrial wastewater and steam flow conditions. Operational performance was evaluated using industrial data collected during August 6–10, 2025, by calculating NH₃ removal efficiency based on inlet–outlet concentrations, followed by Aspen HYSYS simulation using the Extended NRTL model to analyze the effect of wastewater flow rate and assess the optimization process through scrubber integration. The evaluation results show that before the addition of the scrubber, the NH₃ reduction efficiency in the ammonia stripper was in the range of 87.78–96.34% with an average value of 92.97%, but under conditions of high wastewater discharge, the NH₃ concentration in the stripping gas still increased. Scrubber integration simulations showed that the NH₃ concentration in the stripper exhaust gas decreased from 3.21% to 0.96%, equivalent to a reduction of approximately 70%, indicating significant emission optimization. These results indicate that the addition of a scrubber to the stripped gas is an effective alternative to control NH₃ emissions.
subject: Chemical and Process Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Ammonia Stripper
  topic: keywords
subject: NH₃
  topic: keywords
subject: Stripping Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Aspen HYSYS
  topic: keywords
subject: Scrubber
  topic: keywords
creator: Prahady Susmanto
creator: Irsyadi yani
creator: David Bahrin
creator: Asty Maharani
creator: Suci Anggraini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Prahady Susmanto, Irsyadi yani, David Bahrin, Asty Maharani, Suci Anggraini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v2i1.16

Usability Evaluation of an Appropriate Technology-Based Corn Sheller Using Performance Metrics and Physiological Responses
type: item
description: Section: Industrial Engineering and Management Keywords: Appropriate Technology, Corn Sheller, USability evaluation, System Usability Scale (SUS), User Performance Appropriate Technology (AT) is widely applied in the agricultural sector to improve post-harvest productivity, including the use of corn shellers. However, many existing corn shellers have not fully considered usability and ergonomic aspects, which may lead to inefficiency, errors, and increased cognitive and physical workload for users. This study aims to evaluate the usability of a corn sheller and identify physiological parameters that indicate usability levels. An experimental method was employed involving two groups of participants, namely novice users and experienced users. Usability evaluation was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS), user performance indicators (task completion rate, task completion time, and error rate), and physiological measurements in the form of body temperature changes before and after task execution. The results showed that experienced users achieved a higher average SUS score (88.50, excellent usability) compared to novice users (58.50, marginal usability). Experienced users completed tasks faster, achieved a 100% task completion rate, and made fewer errors. Novice users required longer completion times, showed higher error rates, and experienced greater increases in body temperature. The findings indicate that usability is strongly influenced by user experience and cognitive factors. Body temperature changes can be used as an objective physiological indicator of usability and workload. Improvements in system learnability and user guidance are recommended to enhance usability for novice users.
subject: Industrial Engineering and Management
  topic: section
subject: Appropriate Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Corn Sheller
  topic: keywords
subject: USability evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: System Usability Scale (SUS)
  topic: keywords
subject: User Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Irma Nur Afiah
creator: Dirgahayu Lantara
creator: Muhammad Budi Adiputra Reski
creator: Nursalbiah Nasir
creator: Fahrul Hidayat Bannya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Irma Nur Afiah, Dirgahayu Lantara, Muhammad Budi Adiputra Reski, Nursalbiah Nasir, Fahrul Hidayat Bannya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 113
ending page: 121
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i3.13

Effect of Sulfuric Acid Concentration on the Leaching Behavior of Manganese Ore from Palludda Barru Regency
type: item
description: Section: Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: Manganese ore, sulfuric acid, Mn recovery, Paludda Manganese is one of the minerals that constitute various rock formations found throughout Indonesia, particularly in the Sulawesi region. Therefore, research on the processing of manganese ore is essential to ensure its availability can be utilized efficiently and effectively. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of varying H₂SO₄ concentrations and identify the optimum concentration for achieving the highest recovery in manganese ore processing. One method to enhance manganese ore grade is by applying a leaching process using H₂SO₄ solution with concentration variations of 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, with a solid mass of 5 grams for each concentration. The leaching process was carried out for 6 hours at each concentration with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The resulting filtrate was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The leaching results yielded dissolved Mn with 47.600% at 4% concentration, 52.585% at 6%, 50.141% at 8%, and 50.557% at 10%. Based on the results, the highest Mn extraction was achieved at a 6% concentration with a recovery of 52.585% after 6 hours of leaching.
subject: Metallurgical Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Manganese ore
  topic: keywords
subject: sulfuric acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Mn recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Paludda
  topic: keywords
creator: Sitti Ratmi Nurhawaisyah
creator: Firman Nullah Yusuf
creator: Murniati Murniati
creator: Nur Khaera Fajriaty
creator: Suryanto Bakri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sitti Ratmi Nurhawaisyah, Firman Nullah Yusuf, Murniati, Nur Khaera Fajriaty, Suryanto Bakri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 122
ending page: 128
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i3.14

Alteration and Mineralisation of Sulphide Deposits in The Lipukasi Area, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province
type: item
description: Section: Geology and Mining Engineering Keywords: Hydrothermal Alteration, Mineralization, Sulphida Deposit, Mineragraphy, XRD In the Lipukasi area, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province, sulphide deposits and complex alteration processes have been discovered. However, information regarding the alteration and mineralisation that has developed in this area is not yet available, so further research is needed to identify the types of alteration and mineralisation present in the Lipukasi area, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation that developed in the study area. The analytical method used in this research first carried out megaskopis analysis to determine the physical properties of the sample. After that, laboratory analyses of mineragraphy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were carried out. The results of megascopic analysis of the two research samples are an igneous rock with a fresh grey colour, a weathered yellowish-brown colour, a massive structure, an intermediate rock type, a crystalline texture, namely holocrystalline, a granularity, namely phaneroparabolic, a relationship, namely equigranular, and a crystal shape, namely euhedral. The minerals found from the results of mineralographic and XRD analysis are Hematite, mafic mineral, goethite, silica mineral, sulphide mineral (galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, covellite), quartz, and kaolinite. So it can be concluded the minerals found in the study area are hematite (Fe₂O₃), mafic minerals, silica minerals, goethite (FeO₂H), galena (PbS), covellite (CuS), chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), pyrite (FeS₂), kaolinite and quartz (SiO₂). Based on the indicated mineral composition, the type of alteration that developed in the study area is propylitic
subject: Geology and Mining Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Hydrothermal Alteration
  topic: keywords
subject: Mineralization
  topic: keywords
subject: Sulphida Deposit
  topic: keywords
subject: Mineragraphy
  topic: keywords
subject: XRD
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamad Hardin Wakila
creator: Harwan
creator: Alam Budiman Thamsi
creator: Rizky Nurul Aulia
creator: Rieska Dewi Aulia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Hardin Wakila, Harwan, Alam Budiman Thamsi, Rizky Nurul Aulia, Rieska Dewi Aulia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 129
ending page: 137
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i3.15

Conceptual Model of MIS for Integration of Halal and Green Practices in Clothing SMEs Based on SSM
type: item
description: Section: Industrial Engineering and Management Keywords: Management information system, Halal, Green, Apparel SMEs, Soft system methodology Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the apparel sector in Indonesia are increasingly pressured to comply with both halal standards and green sustainability practices. However, most SMEs lack a management information system capable of integrating these two aspects in a unified manner. This leads to limited process transparency, difficulties in regulatory compliance, and low competitiveness. Therefore, a systemic approach is required to design a solution that aligns with the complexity of the SMEs context. This study aims to develop a conceptual model of a management information system that integrates halal and green pactices in apparel SMEs using the Soft System Methodology (SSM). SSM is employed as the main approach to understand the problem situation, identify stakeholder perspectives, formulate the root definition and CATWOE, and construct a conceptual activity model. The management information systems (MIS) is designed to support planning, control, production process tracking, halal sertification documentation, and environmental performance monitoring. The study produces a conceptual model of an integrated management information system consisting of halal compliance, green performance, production, and managerial reporting modules. The model illustrates information flows, stakeholder interactions, and data requirements to support decision-making aligned with halal and green principles. The developed conceptual model provides a foundation for designing an adaptive and implementable management information system for apparel SMEs. The integration of halal and green principles through SSM enables a holistic, participatory, and context-specific system design. This research contributes to strengthening sustainable production systems and enhancing the competitiveness of apparel SMEs.
subject: Industrial Engineering and Management
  topic: section
subject: Management information system
  topic: keywords
subject: Halal
  topic: keywords
subject: Green
  topic: keywords
subject: Apparel SMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: Soft system methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Gina Rahayu
creator: Nisa Noviani Sudarman
creator: Dicky Adjie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gina Rahayu, Nisa Noviani Sudarman, Dicky Adjie (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 107
ending page: 122
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i3.12

An Evaluation of Supply Chain Reliability Strategies in the Garment Industry Based on the SCOR 14.0 Racetrack Framework
type: item
description: Section: Industrial Engineering and Management Keywords: Supply Chain Reliability, SCOR 14.0 Racetrack, Garment Industry, Improvement Strategy Evaluation, Project Prioritization This study presents an evaluation of supply chain reliability strategies in the garment industry by utilizing the SCOR 14.0 Racetrack Framework. The research was conducted at Raja Konveksi Kaos Makassar, a garment manufacturing company that has encountered recurring issues related to delayed deliveries, inaccurate order documentation, and poor product conditions upon customer receipt. To identify the underlying causes, a Fishbone Diagram was employed for structured root cause analysis. Based on the insights gained, a portfolio of ten improvement projects was formulated, adopting best practices outlined by the Association for Supply Chain Management (ASCM). These projects were classified according to SCOR process categories and then prioritized using a Prioritization Matrix to ensure alignment with organizational goals and resource allocation. Each prioritized project was executed using a Project Charter approach, supported by a Gantt Chart to track implementation timelines and manage activities efficiently. The evaluation phase indicated significant improvements in key SCOR reliability metrics: RL.3.3 improved by 9.23%, RL.3.5 by 2.07%, and RL.3.10 by 3.54%. These results demonstrate that the implemented strategies effectively enhanced supply chain reliability, operational performance, and service quality. Overall, this study affirms the value of the SCOR 14.0 Racetrack Framework as a practical and data-driven tool for evaluating and improving supply chain reliability in the garment industry, offering relevant insights for both academics and practitioners.
subject: Industrial Engineering and Management
  topic: section
subject: Supply Chain Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: SCOR 14.0 Racetrack
  topic: keywords
subject: Garment Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Improvement Strategy Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Project Prioritization
  topic: keywords
creator: Asrul Fole
creator: Takdir Alisyahbana
creator: Nur Ihwan Safutra
creator: Muh. Ridzwan
creator: Alifah Dwi Wulandari Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asrul Fole, Takdir Alisyahbana, Nur Ihwan Safutra, Muh. Ridzwan, Alifah Dwi Wulandari Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 92
ending page: 106
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i3.11

Thermal Analysis of the Exhaust Gas Temperature Increase Phenomenon in the Starboard Main Engine Mitsubishi S6R2-T2MTK3L
type: item
description: Section: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Keywords: Exhaust gas temperature, Gas Boiler, Fuel, Combustion, Torque This study aims to analyze the thermal performance of the starboard main engine on a tugboat, specifically a Mitsubishi type S6R2-T2MTK3L, by focusing on the phenomenon of exhaust gas temperature increase. Measurements were conducted over six days under two operational conditions: towing an empty barge and towing a fully loaded barge. The results indicate that the exhaust gas temperature was significantly high in both conditions, with a temperature difference of 40 °C at low engine speed and up to 100 °C at high speed. These findings suggest incomplete combustion, indicating the need for further improvement in the engine's combustion process. Meanwhile, fuel temperature remained relatively stable in both conditions, with a maximum difference of only 3 °C at medium and high engine speeds, suggesting that the fuel delivery system is operating safely. The analysis of specific fuel consumption (SFC) revealed inconsistent trends in relation to engine speed. The highest SFC was recorded at 600 rpm while towing a fully loaded barge, at 0.01855 l/kWh. The highest engine torque was 7523.885 Nm at medium speed, while the lowest torque was 7165.605 Nm at high speed. This study concludes that high exhaust gas temperatures serve as a primary indicator of combustion inefficiency in the starboard main engine, requiring further evaluation to maintain operational efficiency and safety of the tugboat.
subject: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
  topic: section
subject: Exhaust gas temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: Gas Boiler
  topic: keywords
subject: Fuel
  topic: keywords
subject: Combustion
  topic: keywords
subject: Torque
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Arham
creator: Muhammad Zainuddin
creator: Husni Mubarak
creator: Akhsan Hamka
creator: Syarifuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Arham, Muhammad Zainuddin, Husni Mubarak, Akhsan Hamka, Syarifuddin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 84
ending page: 91
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.10

Optimizing Banana Chips Production Planning in MSMEs Through the Goal Programming Approach
type: item
description: Section: Industrial Engineering and Management Keywords: Goal Programming, Production Planning, MSMEs, Banana Chips, Optimization The UMKM Keripik Umi is a micro-scale enterprise that produces banana chips but currently lacks a structured and systematic production planning approach. Production decisions are still based on historical demand trends, leading to inefficiencies, especially when customer demand fluctuates. This study aims to optimize production quantities, minimize total production costs, and maximize sales revenue for three product variants: original, balado (spicy), and chocolate-flavored banana chips. To achieve these objectives, the Goal Programming method is utilized due to its effectiveness in solving multi-objective optimization problems, especially when there are conflicting goals. The results of the optimization show that the ideal production quantities are 4,191 packs for the original flavor, 8,187 packs for the balado flavor, and 5,434 packs for the chocolate flavor. With this production allocation, the minimum total production cost is achieved at IDR 123,479,100, while the maximum projected annual sales revenue reaches IDR 54,640,900. These findings demonstrate that the Goal Programming method can be a valuable decision-support tool for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in managing limited resources while pursuing multiple business objectives. By implementing structured production planning using this method, MSMEs like Keripik Umi can significantly improve their operational efficiency, adapt more effectively to market dynamics, and enhance profitability in a competitive business environment
subject: Industrial Engineering and Management
  topic: section
subject: Goal Programming
  topic: keywords
subject: Production Planning
  topic: keywords
subject: MSMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: Banana Chips
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Yan Herdianzah
creator: A. Dwi Wahyuni P
creator: Citra Aulian Chalik
creator: Berliana Febriyanti
creator: Nova Asdi Kurnia Fitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yan Herdianzah, A. Dwi Wahyuni P, Citra Aulian Chalik, Berliana Febriyanti, Nova Asdi Kurnia Fitri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-15
publication date: 2025-08-15
starting page: 58
ending page: 68
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.7

Effect of Drum Rotation Speed on Magnetic Separation Efficiency for Iron Grade Improvement of Galesong Beach Iron Sand Takalar Regency
type: item
description: Section: Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: Iron Sand, Magnetic Separation, Grade and Recovery, Rock, Minerals Iron sand is a deposit along the coast formed from the weathering of rocks containing iron minerals, such as in Galesong Beach, Takalar, South Sulawesi. Its utilization is still minimal due to the lack of knowledge of its content and properties, so it is necessary to increase the content to obtain optimal recovery before being processed into useful products. This study aims to analyze the geochemistry of iron sand with XRF and XRD, determine the optimal recovery, and the best drum rotation speed on a magnetic separator for its processing. The method of increasing the content of iron sand uses magnetic concentration. The results of the XRD analysis show that the iron sand sample is composed of minerals such as Orthoclase (KALSi3O8), Magnetite (Fe3O4), Quartz (SiO2), Iron ore (Fe2O3), Kaolinite (Al2O9Si2). The results of the XRF analysis have Fe2O3 = 23.40%, SiO2 = 38.38%, Al2O3 = 25.92%, CaO = 7.16 %, TiO2 = 2.60 %, and K2O, MnO, V2O5, Cr2O3, ZrO, SrO, ZnO, P2O5 each below 1%. The iron ore (Fe2O3) content of the concentrate product at each drum rotation speed is 45.11 %, 43.06 % and 64.16 % with recovery values of 75.19 %, 69.18 % and 97.16 %. The percentage of Fe2O3 content and the most optimal recovery rate are obtained at a rotation speed of 600 rpm
subject: Metallurgical Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Iron Sand
  topic: keywords
subject: Magnetic Separation
  topic: keywords
subject: Grade and Recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Rock
  topic: keywords
subject: Minerals
  topic: keywords
creator: Suriyanto Bakri
creator: Mubdiana Arifin
creator: Aldi Suryadi
creator: Arif Nurwaskito
creator: Firdaus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Suriyanto Bakri, Mubdiana Arifin, Aldi Suryadi, Arif Nurwaskito, Firdaus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 77
ending page: 83
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.9

Discrete Simulation Model Development for Enhancing the Efficiency of Seaweed Production Processes at PT. IHFIM
type: item
description: Section: Industrial Engineering and Management Keywords: Discrete Event Simulation, Production Efficiency, , Seaweed Processing, , Bottleneck Analysis, , Agro-industrial Systems. This study focuses on improving the efficiency of seaweed production at PT. IHFIM through the development of a discrete event simulation model. The production system includes several main stages such as Pre-Treatment, Initial Rinse, Quality Check, Thermal Drying, Disinfection, and Final Blending. Field observation and actual production data were used to build the simulation model using ProModel software. Model verification was done through running simulations, and validation was conducted statistically using a t-test, confirming that the simulation outputs were consistent with actual conditions. The analysis identified two bottlenecks in the system: Pre-Treatment with 12.88% blocked time and Initial Rinse with 11.60% blocked time. To address these issues, two improvement scenarios were tested. Scenario 1 added an extra tank to the Pre-Treatment stage, which successfully reduced the blockage to 0%. Scenario 2 introduced additional buffer capacity at the Initial Rinse and Quality Check stages, resulting in a 4% reduction in blockage. The results show that increasing capacity at key points can improve material flow and reduce delays. This study concludes that discrete simulation is an effective method for identifying bottlenecks and evaluating operational improvements in agro-industrial production systems
subject: Industrial Engineering and Management
  topic: section
subject: Discrete Event Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Production Efficiency,
  topic: keywords
subject: Seaweed Processing,
  topic: keywords
subject: Bottleneck Analysis,
  topic: keywords
subject: Agro-industrial Systems.
  topic: keywords
creator: Asrul Fole
creator: Khoerun Nisa Safitri
creator: Riska Iva Riana
creator: Nurul Aini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asrul Fole, Khoerun Nisa Safitri, Riska Iva Riana, Nurul Aini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-15
publication date: 2025-08-15
starting page: 45
ending page: 57
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.6

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Copper Deposits in Samaenre Village, Tonra Sub-District, Bone District, South Sulawesi Province
type: item
description: Section: Geology and Mining Engineering Keywords: Copper, Ore Minerals, Mineragrafi, XRD, AAS Samaenre Village has supergene copper mineralisation in rocks of the Kalamiseng Formation and geographically adjacent to diorite intrusions. The mineralisation outcrops are associated with alteration that changes the volcanic rocks of the Kalamiseng Formation. Previously, research was conducted on the characteristics of hydrothermal alteration and its alteration type in the Tonra area of Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. However, the research did not specifically examine the types of copper ore minerals and their associations and did not determine the copper content at the research location. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of copper ore minerals, associated minerals and copper content in samples in the study area. The analytical method used in this research is first carried out megaskopis analysis to determine the physical properties of the sample. After that, laboratory analyses of mineragraphy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were carried out. The results of megascopic analysis of the two research samples have a fresh blue colour and a fresh green colour with a brown weathered colour, there are calcite minerals and also tend to oxidise. Copper ore minerals found based on Mineragraphy and XRD analysis are Cuprorhodsite (CuFeRh2S4), Auricuprite (Cu3Au), Tenorite (CuO), Cuprite (Cu2O). The associated minerals found based on the results of Mineragraphy and XRD analysis are Cupalite (Al5Cu5), Diopside (CaMgSi2O6), Siderite (FeCO3), and Diopside (CaMgSi206). The copper (Cu) content in samples from the study area based on AAS analysis results ranged from 0.11 % to 0.17 % Cu
subject: Geology and Mining Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Copper
  topic: keywords
subject: Ore Minerals
  topic: keywords
subject: Mineragrafi
  topic: keywords
subject: XRD
  topic: keywords
subject: AAS
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamad Hardin Wakila
creator: Andi Fahdli Heriansyah
creator: Rizky Nurul Aulia
creator: Al Muhaimin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Hardin Wakila, Andi Fahdli Heriansyah, Rizky Nurul Aulia, Al Muhaimin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-15
publication date: 2025-08-15
starting page: 69
ending page: 76
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i2.8

Pyrolysis Effects of Coconut Shell and Wood Waste on Charcoal Characteristics as Biobriquette Raw Material
type: item
description: Section: Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Technologies Keywords: Biobriquettes, charcoal, coconut shell, pyrolysis, wood waste Coconut shell charcoal has been widely produced as a raw material for biobriquette production. This cause effect on an increase of coconut shell price as a raw material for charcoal production. Wood waste is one of the easier and cheaper biomass to be obtained than coconut shell. However, the quality of charcoal produced from wood waste need to be compared to be used as a substitute of coconut shell. This study aims to discover the effect of pyrolysis as a carbonisation process on coconut shell, wood waste, and a mixture of both biomass on the quality of charcoal produced including yield, proximate analysis, lignocellulose analysis, and calorific value. A completely randomized design was used in this study by taking into account two influencing factors, including the type of sample (biomass sample and charcoal sample) and the type of biomass (coconut shell, wood waste, and a mixture of both). Pyrolysis was carried out at 550℃ for 120 minutes. Pyrolysis of biomass and different types of biomass have giving effects on the characteristics of the biomass and charcoal produced. The results of the analysis showed that the type of coconut shell biomass and a mixture of the two biomasses produced charcoal that qualified on standards. The results of the analysis concluded that charcoal made from a mixture of coconut shell and wood waste could be a solution to substitute charcoal made from coconut shell only.
subject: Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Technologies
  topic: section
subject: Biobriquettes
  topic: keywords
subject: charcoal
  topic: keywords
subject: coconut shell
  topic: keywords
subject: pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: wood waste
  topic: keywords
creator: Dhifal Dui Rifaldy
creator: Efri Mardawati
creator: Yazid Bindar
creator: Desy Nurliasari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dhifal Dui Rifaldy, Efri Mardawati, Yazid Bindar, Desy Nurliasari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-20
publication date: 2025-04-20
starting page: 34
ending page: 44
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.5

An Innovative Herbal Hair Tonic Derived from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Extract
type: item
description: Section: Chemical and Process Engineering Keywords: Purslane, Succulent, Portulaca, Phytochemicals, Hair tonic The rising demand for natural and eco-friendly personal care products has driven innovation in plant-based formulations. Portulaca species, rich in bioactive compounds, are potential candidates for use in hair tonic products due to their hair growth-promoting properties. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical content of two Portulaca species and evaluate the effects of extract concentration on hair tonic formulation quality; Methods or process: The research was conducted at the Research Laboratory of FTI-UMI and involved several steps: sample preparation, extraction using the Soxhlet method, qualitative phytochemical analysis, formulation of hair tonic, and testing of pH, viscosity, density, and organoleptic properties; Results: The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active compounds beneficial for hair care. Among the formulations, Portulaca oleracea L. extract in Formulation 1 demonstrated the most suitable characteristics, with a pH of 4.13, fulfilling the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for cosmetic products. Similarly, Portulaca grandiflora H. extract in Formulation 1 exhibited acceptable quality with a pH of 4.25; Conclusion: The study highlights the innovative potential of Portulaca-based hair tonics as environmentally friendly alternatives in the cosmetic industry. These findings support the development of sustainable herbal products with scientifically proven efficacy.
subject: Chemical and Process Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Purslane
  topic: keywords
subject: Succulent
  topic: keywords
subject: Portulaca
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: Hair tonic
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Afanin Rahman
creator: Sadhilah Humaerah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Candela International Engineering Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-12
publication date: 2025-04-12
starting page: 26
ending page: 33
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.4

Effect of Fermentation Duration on the Carbon-to-Nitrogen (C/N) Ratio of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Produced from Dami Jackfruit Waste Using Coconut Husk-Based Bioactivator
type: item
description: Section: Chemical and Process Engineering Keywords: Jackfruit dami waste, bioactivator, coconut fiber MOL, C/N ratio, liquid organic fertilizer Market and household waste are significant contributors to urban pollution, leading to health issues and a decline in city aesthetics. One of the most commonly found market wastes is jackfruit dami waste. This study aims to evaluate the effect of bioactivator addition on the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and to determine the optimal composting duration for achieving a favorable C/N value. The bioactivator (MOL) was prepared using 300 g of coconut fiber and 5 L of coconut water, fermented for two weeks with stirring every three days to release gas. Molasses was prepared by dissolving 1 kg of granulated sugar in 1000 mL of distilled water (1:1 ratio). The jackfruit dami waste was shredded, weighed, and mixed with distilled water, molasses, and MOL at varying concentrations (5%, 11%, and 17% v/w). The composting process was carried out in sealed plastic containers for 9 to 24 days, with stirring every three days. The composted materials were then analyzed for organic carbon and nitrogen content to determine the C/N ratio. The results showed that the highest C/N ratio of 7.18% was obtained on day 24 with a 11% MOL concentration. However, based on the standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture for liquid organic fertilizers, the C/N ratio obtained in this study did not meet the required specifications.
subject: Chemical and Process Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Jackfruit dami waste
  topic: keywords
subject: bioactivator
  topic: keywords
subject: coconut fiber MOL
  topic: keywords
subject: C/N ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: liquid organic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Fitra Fitriah
creator: Sitti Saleha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Candela International Engineering Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-11
publication date: 2025-04-11
starting page: 18
ending page: 25
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.3

Utilization Of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottoni) And Avocado Seeds (Persea americana) For Making Capsules
type: item
description: Section: Chemical and Process Engineering Keywords: Avocado seeds, capsules, seaweed Capsules are solid preparations consist of the drug in a soluble hard or soft shell. Capsules are generally made by gelatin, it can also be starch or other suitable ingredients. The manufacture of capsules can be derived from seaweed in terms of abundance which can be used as raw material for making natural and halal capsules. Polysaccharide-based seaweed contains sodium, magnesium and calcium which are bound to sulfate ester groups. In addition, avocado seeds also have the potential with 80.1% starch content. The stages in the research are processing seaweed to be carrageenan, making avocado seed flour and making capsules.The carrageenan that produced according the FAO (Food agriculture Organization) standards including moisture, ash, viscosity, gel strength and heavy metals. This study has combined the ratio between avocado seeds and seaweed with a ratio of 1: 1; 1: 2; 1: 3, 2: 1; 2: 2; 2:3; 3: 1, 3: 2; 3: 3. The capsules obtained have a moisture content ranging from 14- 31%. Total Plate Figures (ALT) indicate the number of microbes in a productaccording with SNI 7388: 2009. For the tensile strength have the high tensile strength is ratio avocado seeds and seaweed (2: 3), while the high modulus young is a ratio of 1: 1. Therefore, the raw material for capsules from seaweed and avocado seeds effects the characteristics of the capsules and can be use as natural and halal capsules to replace gelatin.
subject: Chemical and Process Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Avocado seeds
  topic: keywords
subject: capsules
  topic: keywords
subject: seaweed
  topic: keywords
creator: Husnaini Ashar
creator: Ummu Kalsum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Candela International Engineering Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-10
publication date: 2025-04-10
starting page: 12
ending page: 17
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.2

Corrosion Resistance of Ternary Zr-Ti-Cu Alloy for Dental Implant Application in Ringer Lactate Solution Contamined with Ulcer Medicine
type: item
description: Section: Metallurgical Engineering Keywords: Implant, Corrosion Resistance, Zr-Ti-Cu, Tafel Polarization, Ringer's Lactated solution Implanted material is one of the solutions to overcome damage or the function of human organs. The many needs about implants or biomaterials make researchers continue to conduct various studies. One criterion as an implant material is that having good corrosion resistance so it does not have rejection from the body. This research aims to determine the corrosion behavior of Zr-Ti-Cu implant material in Lactated Ringer's solution. The Zr-Ti-Cu implant material uses a variation of 1% and 3% Cu content synthesized by the melting process using a Single Arc Melting Furnace with an atmospheric environment of argon. The results were characterized using an optical microscope and Vickers test equipment. Corrosion behavior of the Zr-Ti-Cu implant using a potentiostat with the Tafel polarization method in a Ringer's Lactated solution and Ringer’s Lactate solution that added with ulcer potion 10 mL. From the results of characterization with optical microscopy and XRD showed phases α-Zr and α-Ti, and intermetallic compounds Zr2Cu and Ti2Cu. Increasing Cu content can increase the hardness value so it has a hardness value between 528-619 HV. The addition of ulcer potion increases the corrosivity level of Ringer’s lactate solution. Corrosion resistance increased from 2,140 mpy to 1,571 mpy in Ringer's Lactate solution and from 2,060 mpy to 1,492 mpy in Ringer's Lactate solution with ulcer potion due to the addition of Cu in the alloy.
subject: Metallurgical Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Implant
  topic: keywords
subject: Corrosion Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Zr-Ti-Cu
  topic: keywords
subject: Tafel Polarization
  topic: keywords
subject: Ringer's Lactated solution
  topic: keywords
creator: Talitha Ratna Dinanthi
creator: Ekha Panji Syuryana
creator: Djoko Hadi Prajitno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Candela International Engineering Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-10
publication date: 2025-04-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.63288/ciej.v1i1.1